On top of this common foundation, each company is building its own ecosystem: subscriptions, marketplaces, mini-apps, and platform services. These products generate relatively little direct revenue, but they keep users inside the app and encourage them to use the core services more often, which is where the companies actually make money.

We reviewed their reports and product offerings to show how payment companies in Uzbekistan retain users within their ecosystems.

Financial performance in the first quarter

*Of Paynet’s 449.5 billion UZS profit, 321.1 billion UZS came from a one-time dividend income from subsidiaries following its acquisition of the Humo payment system operator. Excluding this item, operating profit was around 128 billion UZS.

How payment services make money

The reports do not provide an exact breakdown of revenue by product. However, based on the structure of income and expenses, as well as public company materials, it is clear that the primary revenue stream for all players comes from transaction commissions.

These commissions consist of three main components:

  • P2P transfer fees (percentage charged for transfers between cards without a subscription);
  • service payment commissions (utilities, telecom, taxes, fines);
  • merchant acquiring fees, meaning commissions charged to merchants for accepting card or QR payments.

All three are essentially variations of the same business model: taking a percentage from each completed transaction.

Why subscriptions, cashback, mini-apps, and partner services matter

These are primarily retention tools. A company may not earn much directly from a subscription, but subscribers use the app more frequently, and every additional transaction generates commission revenue.

That is why it makes more sense to read these companies’ reports as a story about user retention.

Click is building a super app. Payme is focusing on its Payme Plus subscription model. Paynet relies on its physical infrastructure, Humo’s payment network, and the Xolis platform for self-employed users. Beelab is developing Beepul as the financial component of the Hambi super app.